Summary
Indiana’s birth outcomes are examined using data from the Annie E. Casey foundation Kids Count website.Table of Contents
Overview
Birth outcome data from the Annie E. Casey Kids Count project was downloaded for Indiana to understand how Indiana’s largest counties were faring relative to one another.
Background
Maternal and infant health is one of the most studied areas in human development and is associated with some of the highest returns on public investment.
Data and model
The Kids Count data center produces a wide variety of information regarding children. Birth data is included and contains both mother and infant indicators. Low birth weight, preterm births, race and ethnicity, breastfeeding, prenatal care, mothers smoking, percent medicaid, marital status and teen births were selected for the analysis.
Small counties were more likely to have data suppressed or have extreme variation in year-to-year observations. Counties were ranked by the number of live births and only the twenty largest counties were included. For the latest year available, Marion County–the home of Indianapolis– led in Indiana with 14,331 live births. Vanderburgh was eighth with 2,127 live births. The twentieth largest county when measured by live births was Howard County with 971.
The variables in the birth outcomes dataset were transformed so the values were comparable. It was assumed that the data was normally distributed and they were scaled, ie. the mean was subtracted and then divided by the standard deviation, by column.
Heatmap
The comparisons are by column. The reader should pay careful attention to the those colors associated with the outer poles or extreme values. With the “vidiris” palette, bright yellow and dark blue identify outliers.
For example, in the column breastfeeding, Howard County is in the extreme negative end of the distribution with a -2.51 dark blue color while Hamilton County is far above the mean in breastfeeding with a positive 1.84 and a yellowish hue. Checking the underlying numbers, 95% of Hamilton County mothers breastfed while just 66% of Howard County mothers did. (Vanderburgh was 86%)
References
Disclaimer
The views, analysis and conclusions presented within this paper represent the author’s alone and not of any other person, organization or government entity. While I have made every reasonable effort to ensure that the information in this article was correct, it will nonetheless contain errors, inaccuracies and inconsistencies. It is a working paper subject to revision without notice as additional information becomes available. Any liability is disclaimed as to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause. The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Reproducibility
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
setting value
version R version 4.1.0 (2021-05-18)
os macOS Catalina 10.15.7
system x86_64, darwin17.0
ui X11
language (EN)
collate en_US.UTF-8
ctype en_US.UTF-8
tz America/Chicago
date 2021-06-25
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